许昌市2009—2013年麻疹流行病学特征和监测系统运转状况分析

目的分析许昌市2009—2013年麻疹流行特征和监测系统运转状况,为加速消除麻疹制定策略及措施提供科学依据。方法利用描述性流行病学方法对许昌市2009—2013年麻疹监测系统资料进行统计分析。结果许昌市2009—2013年累计报告麻疹病例675例,年均报告发病率为3.16/10万。全市8个县、市区均有病例报告,病例数主要集中在禹州市,占总病例数的55.56%;发病呈明显的季节性分布,主要集中在2—5月份,占总病例数的73.48%;病例主要集中于0~6岁儿童,占总病例数的85.63%,其中1岁以下婴幼儿占总病例数的50.22%;8月龄~14岁麻疹病例中有确切免疫史者仅占38.58%。随着监测系统及时性和特异性逐年提高,48 h完整调查率由2009年的88.32%上升至2012年的100%;血标本3 d内送达率由2009年的51.68%上升至2013年的100%;实验室结果 7 d内报告率由2009年的52.80%上升至2013年的100%;血标本采集率从2009年48.86%上升至2013年的100%;暴发血清学确诊率、病原学标本采集率均上升至100%。2009—2013年麻疹监测系统敏感性低,排除病例报告发病率为0.49/10万~1.43/10万。结论 2009—2013年许昌市麻疹发病率下降,小年龄组发病构成增加。监测系统运转综合质量逐年提升,但敏感性低。今后应进一步加强麻疹类疫苗接种与管理,提高人群免疫水平;加强医疗机构传染病报告与管理,提高监测系统敏感性,防止传染源扩散。     

生物工程专业实验教学改革与实践

从生物工程专业实验的课程设置、实验内容、教学方式、考核方式以及为学生提供实验平台等方面进行改革及实践,提升了实验教学质量,提高了学生的整体素质,培养了学生的创新精神,为学生进一步深造或就业奠定了坚实基础。     

表达小鼠粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的重组非复制型痘苗病毒的构建及鉴定

目的:以非复制型痘苗病毒天坛株为载体表达小鼠粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF),并体外鉴定其生物学活性。方法:构建含有小鼠GM-CSF的重组痘苗病毒质粒,与非复制型痘苗病毒进行同源重组,筛选表达小鼠GM-CSF的重组痘苗病毒rNTVGMCSFLacZ,对目的基因及蛋白的表达进行鉴定,并在体外检测目的蛋白的生物学活性。结果:构建的重组病毒rNTVGMCSFLacZ中正确插入了小鼠GM-CSF基因,Western印迹结果表明其能正确表达GM-CSF,且在体外证明rNTVGMCSFLacZ表达的小鼠GM-CSF能分泌到细胞外,具有生物学活性。结论:构建了一株能分泌表达有生物学活性的小鼠GM-CSF的重组非复制型痘苗病毒。     

Generation of CD44 gene-deficient mouse derived induced pluripotent stem cells

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show good promise for the treatment of defects caused by numerous genetic diseases. Herein, we successfully generated CD44 gene-deficient iPSCs using Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and vitamin C. The generated iPSCs displayed a characteristic morphology similar to the well-characterized embryonic stem cells. Alkaline phosphatase, cell surface (SSEA1, NANOG, and OCT4), and pluripotency markers were expressed at high levels in these cells. The iPSCs formed teratomas in vivo and supported full-term development of constructed porcine embryos by inter-species nuclear transplantation. Importantly, incubation with trichostatin A increased the efficiency of iPSCs generation by increasing the histone acetylation levels. Moreover, more iPSCs colonies appeared following cell passaging during colony picking, thus increasing the effectiveness of iPSCs selection. Thus, our work provides essential stem cell materials for the treatment of genetic diseases and proposes a novel strategy to enhance the efficiency of induced reprogramming.     

枯草芽孢杆菌形成生物被膜的研究进展

生物被膜是菌体在自然界中一种常见的生存状态,直接影响着人类生产和生活的各个方面。枯草芽孢杆菌是重要的工业菌株,同时也是研究生物被膜的模式菌株。本文结合作者目前的研究,综述了目前对枯草芽孢杆菌形成生物被膜研究所取得的重要进展,包括枯草芽孢杆菌形成生物被膜的主要过程、特征、研究模型及分子调控机制,并提出了今后研究的热点问题。     

Investigation of continuous-batch mode of two-stage culture of Nannochloropsis sp. for lipid production

Microalgal lipid induction through nitrogen stress often suffers from a contradiction between biomass productivity and lipid content, i.e., either high biomass productivity with low lipid content or vice versa. A two-stage nitrogen-replete and nitrogen-deplete (NR–ND) culture was suggested to be an option to attain high lipid productivity. In this study, the effects of culture conditions and modes on biomass productivity and lipid productivity of Nannochloropsis sp. in the two stages were comprehensively investigated. The optimal culture conditions for the two stages, aiming to high biomass productivity and lipid productivity respectively, were consistent, i.e., CO₂ content in aeration (1 %), phosphorus concentration in medium (181 μmol/L), incident light intensity (150 μE/(m²s)), temperature (25 °C). Different culture modes of the two stages were compared. The overall lipid productivity of the two-stage continuous-batch mode achieved 0.123 g/(L day), which was 60.3, 48.2, 34.9 and 13.5 % higher than that of single nitrogen-replete batch, single nitrogen-limited batch, continuous nitrogen-replete culture and two-stage batch–batch culture, respectively, and also higher than most reported values. This contribution provides fundamental data for the two-stage NR–ND cultivation process design of Nannochloropsis sp.